[398] The Speaker of the Senate also serves as the lieutenant governor, a practice found only in one other state, and the House Speaker is third in line for the governorship. Along with projectile points common for this period, archaeologists in Williamson County have uncovered a 12,000-year-old mastodon skeleton with cut marks typical of prehistoric hunters.. The central part of the state is marked by cavernous bedrock and irregular rolling hills, and level, fertile plains define West Tennessee. Its Grand Divisions also manifest into distinct cultural regions, with East Tennessee commonly associated with Southern Appalachia,[345] and Middle and West Tennessee commonly associated with Upland Southern culture. Under Brownlow's administration from 1865 to 1869, the legislature allowed African American men to vote, disenfranchised former Confederates, and took action against the Ku Klux Klan, which was founded in December 1865 in Pulaski as a vigilante group to advance former Confederates' interests. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. [129][130], Despite New South promoters' efforts, agriculture continued to dominate Tennessee's economy. Nearly threefourths of the state is in the Central Time Zone, with most of East Tennessee on Eastern Time. Memphis 901 FC has played in the second-tier USL Championship since 2019. [244], Tennessee is divided into 95 counties, each of which has a county seat. [210] West of this is the Gulf Coastal Plain, a broad feature that begins at the Gulf of Mexico and extends northward into southern Illinois. [317] Nuclear power is Tennessee's largest source of electricity generation, producing about 43.4% of its power in 2021. For areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are generally near freezing. [252], The 2020 United States census reported Tennessee's population at 6,910,840, an increase of 564,735, or 8.90%, since the 2010 census. [23] The names of the cultural groups who inhabited the area before European contact are unknown, but archaeologists have named several distinct cultural phases, including the Archaic (80001000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC1000 AD), and Mississippian (10001600 AD) periods. Lee's 2nd term inauguration scheduled for Jan. 21. Most of the Blue Ridge area is protected by the Cherokee National Forest, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and several federal wilderness areas and state parks. It is bordered by eight states, with Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to the northwest. The state's highest point, which is also the third-highest peak in eastern North America, is Clingmans Dome, at 6,643 feet (2,025m) above sea level. [339] The NPS also operates Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, and the Manhattan Project National Historical Park. [323][324] The Copper Basin, in Tennessee's southeastern corner in Polk County, was one of the nation's most productive copper mining districts between the 1840s and 1980s, and supplied about 90% of the copper the Confederacy used during the Civil War. Tennessee is geographically, culturally, economically, and legally divided into three Grand Divisions: East Tennessee, Middle Tennessee, and West Tennessee. [155] The next year, nearby Clinton High School was integrated, and Tennessee National Guard troops were sent in after pro-segregationists threatened violence. The first has been in Republican hands continuously since 1881, and Republicans or their antecedents have held it for all but four years since 1859. [27] The Cherokee began migrating into what is now eastern Tennessee from what is now Virginia in the latter 17th century, possibly to escape expanding European settlement and diseases in the north. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. [350], The Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) is the primary agency that is tasked with regulating and maintaining Tennessee's transportation infrastructure. [356], Education in Tennessee is administered by the Tennessee Department of Education. [38][37] In 1682, an expedition led by Ren-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle constructed Fort Prudhomme on the Chickasaw Bluffs in West Tennessee. [248], Nashville is Tennessee's capital and largest city, with nearly 700,000 residents. The TBI is the primary state-level criminal investigative department. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. Tennessee projected to experience major quake in coming years", "Tennessee is more earthquake-prone than you may expect", "Summary of 1811-1812 New Madrid Earthquakes Sequence", "Federal Lands and Indian Reservations - Tennessee", "Geology and History of the Cumberland Plateau", "Cumberland Trail State Scenic Trail - 2020", "Overview of the State - Tennessee - 2021", Health Resources and Services Administration, "Cumberland River Basin & Barren River Watershed", "Conasauga River nearly became important in Tennessee history", "Revisiting the Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America", 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[341:RTDFOE]2.0.CO;2, "Climate Change and Potential Impacts to Wildlife in Tennessee", "GSMNP reaches biodiversity milestone of 20,000 species", "Tennessee's Duck River in National Geographic", "7 Dangerous Animals in Tennessee: Deadliest Wildlife Guide", "Last Stand for the Southern Spruce-Fir? [59] These settlers constructed Fort Nashborough, which they named for Francis Nash, a brigadier general of the Continental Army. [239], While Tennessee is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, its location makes it susceptible to the remnants of tropical cyclones, which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall. Lee's 2nd term inauguration scheduled for Jan. 21. [236] The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in Tennessee's climate, with winds from the south responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. [203], West of the Cumberland Plateau is the Highland Rim, an elevated plain that surrounds the Nashville Basin, a geological dome. Volpe. [299], Until World War II, Tennessee, like most Southern states, remained predominantly agrarian. [211] The plain begins in the east with low rolling hills and wide stream valleys, known as the West Tennessee Highlands, and gradually levels out to the west. [280] Unionization has historically been low and continues to decline, as in most of the U.S.[281], Tennessee has a reputation as a low-tax state and is usually ranked as one of the five states with the lowest tax burden on residents. [251] Knoxville, with about 190,000 inhabitants, and Chattanooga, with about 180,000 residents, are the third- and fourth-largest cities, respectively. WebTre Hargett was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to serve as Tennessees 37th secretary of state in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, 2017, and 2021. [349][350] Notable authors with ties to Tennessee include Cormac McCarthy, Peter Taylor, James Agee, Francis Hodgson Burnett, Thomas S. Stribling, Ida B. [101] In March 1862, Lincoln appointed native Tennessean and War Democrat Andrew Johnson as military governor of the state. [321] Bituminous coal is mined in small quantities in the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. [107], During the Chattanooga campaign, Confederates attempted to besiege the Army of the Cumberland into surrendering, but reinforcements from the Army of the Tennessee under the command of Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman, and Joseph Hooker arrived. Tennessee has 33.9 days annually when the high temperature is As observed on the map, the varied ranges of the Appalachian Mountain system geographically dominate the eastern third of Tennessee and include the Bald, Great Smoky, Holston, Stone, Unaka, and Unicoi mountains. [371], Tennessee is home to more than 120 newspapers. 1 thing for teams, and Mississippi State had plenty. [39] By the late 17th century, French traders began to explore the Cumberland River valley, and in 1714, under Charles Charleville's command, established French Lick, a fur trading settlement at the present location of Nashville near the Cumberland River. [154], After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Oak Ridge High School in 1955 became the first school in Tennessee to be integrated. [347] The Tennessee State Museum in Nashville chronicles the state's history and culture. [22], The first inhabitants of Tennessee were Paleo-Indians who arrived about 12,000 years ago at the end of the Last Glacial Period. Tennessee has no tolled roads or bridges but has the sixth-highest mileage of high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, which are utilized on freeways in the congestion-prone Nashville and Memphis metropolitan areas. Fog is a persistent problem in some areas, especially in East Tennessee. [308] A number of well-known brands originated in Tennessee, and even more are produced there. Constitution. [366] The Tennessee Promise was created as part of then-governor Bill Haslam's "Drive to 55" program, which set a goal of increasing the number of college-educated residents to at least 55% of the state's population. Don't be embarrassed, few get it right", "Tennessee's huge auto industry: 7 things you may not know", "Ford aims to create 5,700 jobs with new factory, battery plant near Memphis", "Nissan to Move U.S. Headquarters to Tennessee", "Mitsubishi North America to move headquarters to Nashville area", "Tennessee home to 9 of world's largest companies", "What are Tennessee's biggest businesses? All of these except the Times Free Press are owned by Gannett. [370] Tennessee is also home to six historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Black bears are found in the Blue Ridge Mountains and on the Cumberland Plateau. [397] Each chamber chooses a Speaker, who is elected by a joint session of the legislature. [148][149] The agency quickly grew into the country's largest electric utility and initiated a period of dramatic economic growth and transformation that brought many new industries and employment opportunities to the state. WebGet Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. [170], In 2002, Tennessee amended its constitution to establish a lottery. In every county except Davidson, the sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer. [192][193] The Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone spans the entirety of East Tennessee from northwestern Alabama to southwestern Virginia, and is considered one of the most active zones in the Southeastern United States, frequently producing low-magnitude earthquakes. Get Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. WebTennessee Firearms Classifieds Choose City/Region Chattanooga Clarksville Cookeville Jackson Knoxville Memphis Murfreesboro Nashville Tri-cities Tullahoma Choose a category: All Categories Firearms Antique Firearms Handguns Muzzle Loaders NFA Firearms Rifles Shotguns Firearm Accessories Ammo Gun Parts Gun [255], According to the 2010 census, 6.4% of Tennessee's population were under age5, 23.6% were under 18, and 13.4% were 65 or older. The state is twice bisected by the Tennessee River, and the Mississippi River forms its western border. [88] Cotton planters used extensive slave labor on large plantation complexes in West Tennessee's fertile and flat terrain after the Jackson Purchase. After lawsuits by environmental groups, the debate was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court case Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill in 1978, leading to amendments of the Endangered Species Act. [216] Its major tributaries include the Clinch, Little Tennessee, Hiwassee, Sequatchie, Elk, Beech, Buffalo, Duck, and Big Sandy rivers. With the help of Northern investors, Chattanooga became one of the first industrialized cities in the South. Alvin C. York of Fentress County became one of the most famous and honored American soldiers of World War I. [69], As support for statehood grew among the settlers, Governor Blount called for elections, which were held in December 1793. [425], Between the end of Reconstruction and the mid-20th century, Tennessee voted consistently Democratic in Presidential elections, except in two nationwide Republican landslides in the 1920s. WebTennessee State Government - TN.gov The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Request Your Free 2022 TN Vacation Guide Find a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment Hub for Learning and Teaching Fiscal Year 2022-23 Budget The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Save on Conservationist Magazine Subscriptions! [463], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}36N 86W / 36N 86W / 36; -86 (State of Tennessee), This article is about the U.S. state. [459] The Memphis Tigers are members of the American Athletic Conference, and Murfreesboro's Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders play in Conference USA. [75][76] The legislature convened on March 28, 1796, and the next day, John Sevier was announced as the state's first governor. The governor is supported by 22 cabinet-level departments, most headed by a commissioner the governor appoints. [145], When the Great Depression struck in 1929, much of Tennessee was severely impoverished even by national standards. A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. [31] Cherokee peoples in Tennessee were known by European settlers as the Overhill Cherokee because they lived west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. [321] Tennessee is the nation's leading producer of ball clay. This amendment was invalidated by the 2015 U.S. Supreme Court case Obergefell v. The state's border with North Carolina roughly follows the highest peaks of this range, including Clingmans Dome. [306][307] The state is also one of the top producers of food and drink products, its second-largest manufacturing sector. [167][168] Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 with a yearlong celebration called "Tennessee 200". [65] North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory on May 26 of that year. 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